Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΡΠΊ β Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ , ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅? Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΡΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ°:
Π‘ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΡΠΊ
Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΡΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ , Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°.
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ; Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ.
ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ
ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅: ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ:
- Π ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ.
- ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
- ΠΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΊ.
- ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
- ΠΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅.
Π Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ, Ρ. ΠΊ. ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ.
Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ³Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ , ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.

OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ, Ρ. ΠΊ. ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΊ-Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π», Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ .
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ.
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ: ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ .
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ β ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«Π£ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΒ». Π‘ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ (Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°) Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΠΊ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ. Π¨ΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ; Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π΅, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ β ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ» Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°. Π‘ΡΡΠ» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ.
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ (75 ΡΠΎΡΠΎ)

Π‘ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³, Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ , ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ Π² Π΄ΡΡ Π΅ hi-tech!
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ XX ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π² Π±ΡΡ, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ (Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠΆΠ½, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅).
ΠΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ . ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ:

— ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ;
— ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π», ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ, Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ;
— ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ;
— ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ;
— Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°;
— Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ;
— Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ
Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊ, Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.

ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ.
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°
ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π° Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° β Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ».

ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π½
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½Π΅ΠΌ.

ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ β Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ΅. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ β ΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π’ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ.


ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ΅Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, Π° ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠ±Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ β Β«ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅Β» Π²Π³Π»ΡΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π°ΠΆΠΈ, Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Β«Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΒ» ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ» Π½Π° 10 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½, ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.

ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.

ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ±Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° β Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ±Π°ΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²Π°Π·Ρ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ , Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π» Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ.

Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ (Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ) Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ°Π», Π³Π΄Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π½, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π°ΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π³Π°Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°.
Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° (ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.







ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
Π’ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Β«ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Β» ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠΊ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΒ».
ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ β ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ Β«ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ-Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΒ», Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².






ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΅Π² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½.
Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½, Π²Π·ΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅: Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ», Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ.
Π Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Β«ΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ: Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡ), Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΠΊ, ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.






ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ: ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ, Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΠΉ. Π€Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ.
ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ: Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π‘ΠΠ§-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ, Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π²Π΅ΡΡ , Π° Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ β ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.








ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ·Π΅Π», ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°Π½Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π·Π°, Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, ΡΡΠΌΠ±Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ LED-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π’ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ β ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ.







ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ: ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ.
Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ.
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ 60-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘Π°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ.
Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π‘Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ

Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ: ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°
ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Β Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ β ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ.
Π‘ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Β Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π²Π·ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ.

Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ΅, Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π₯Π°ΠΉΠ’ΡΠΊ
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π³Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅.
Π‘ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Β Π₯Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ-ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ?
ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π³Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ.
Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°: ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½
Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ.

ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ.
- ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ
- Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ
- Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
- ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ³Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ β ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° β Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π· Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠΌΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ.
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ
Π ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π». ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ , ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ.
Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ± Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΠΊ.
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ° Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π» Ρ ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ, Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π Π°Π·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅.
__________________________________________________ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅:
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ:
Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ½ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π₯Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈΒ» β ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ. Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Β«ΠΡΠΊΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠΌΒ», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏ-Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π³Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Β«ΡΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΒ» Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ.
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π₯ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ.
Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ , Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²: ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ. Π Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΠΉ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅: ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π°ΠΆΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°. ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅-ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ-ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π€ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ β Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅.
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ: ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΠΆΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ: ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π°Π·Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ , ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ, Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π° Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π²Π°Π½Π³Π°ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ± ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ
ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. Π ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ: ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°, Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΉ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ?
- Π‘Π²Π΅Ρ. Π₯Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²Π°Π½Π³Π°ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ: Π½Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
- ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
- Π‘ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅Π² Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²-Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ².
- ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡ Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π² ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ .
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Β», ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ, Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
Π‘ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π°Π²Π°Π½Π³Π°ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ.
ΠΡΡ Π½Ρ
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»: Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ: Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ» ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄. ΠΡΡ Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ , ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅. Π ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ.
ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ 2019 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ.
Β
ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅
Π‘ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ Π°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ.90000 A UX Guide To The Child’s Mind 90001 90002 «Designing a good children’s app is more than just dumbing down adult concepts.» (Tanya Junell) 90003 90002 The essence of designing a successful product for them lies in understanding their differences from and similarities to adults. 90003 90002 Children’s minds work differently, but they have their ways to deal with the world around them very well. They differ from adults in many aspects: cognitive ability, categorization, reasoning, emotional control, logic, memory capacity, motor skills.Not to mention their behavior overall. 90003 90002 For instance, as a UX researcher, I must prepare for surprising reactions and behaviors when conducting a usability test with kids. Children react less consistently and predictably. 90003 90002 They are still starting out on the learning curve to internalize social interactions into acceptable forms of reactions or behavior. Not to mention that they do not have a fully developed emotional control system. 90003 90002 90013 90003 90002 But they are constantly developing new skills and will constantly surprise you with new abilities.On Day 1, they can not solve a 15-piece puzzle — two months later, they excel at it. Brain plasticity makes them so lively. They learn faster than adults and outgrow activities in little time. 90003 90002 We at our UX company often get asked questions like «How to design a website for kids», or «What does the ideal children’s app look like?». The short answer: children are not adults in a smaller edition. Here’s how they differ, and what that means from a design perspective. 90003 90002 90020 90003 90022 How do kids differ from adults? 90023 90002 Good news: Some of the same rules for adults also apply.In terms of consistency and affordance, kids rather resemble adults. 90003 90002 However, kids differ from adults in many ways, and they greatly affect designing for them. Keep these top seven facts in mind. 90003 90002 90029 90030 Disclaimer: 90031 Designing things for kids is 90032 incredible 90029 responsibility. It is of the utmost importance that digital products help them acquire new skills and knowledge, and motivate them to discover more about the world. Creators of these products should always bear in mind the principles of ethical design.We should not forget that kids are more trusting and less able to distinguish reality from the digital world, and they are more easily manipulated. The design community must view the below facts with an open and neutral mindset, and never cease to forget that we should always serve the needs and interest of the next generation. 90032 90003 90036 1. Age groups vary more diversely 90037 90002 Target a specific age range with your product, or consider adding different content, difficulty level or complexity for different age groups.Just like in the App store, you can add an age filter. 90003 90002 A two-year-old differs in cognitive ability a lot from a three-year-old. The same task or entertainment will not necessarily fit older children. They find different things enjoyable or challenging. 90003 90036 2. Kids need instant effects 90037 90002 While adult users can to wait for things to happen, 90045 children need instant reactions 90046 and preferably in a 90045 game form 90046 from the 90045 first second 90046 of the interaction with the interface.90003 90036 90053 90037 90036 3. Kids take everything literally 90037 90002 This applies especially for smaller kids. An icon that an adult might find obvious can totally mystify a four-year-old. Hamburger icon? To them, it might mean that juicy hamburgers await. Children 90045 can not think abstractly 90046 until age nine. 90003 90002 It may sound controversial to use simple shapes (e.g. circle, triangle) but they prove the best choice. Kids find them easy to recognize and remember and less misleading.All in all, the more realistic the picture looks, the stronger it excites the child’s imagination. 90003 90036 4. Storytelling helps kids understand 90037 90002 Kids ‘knowledge and understanding of the world has gaps. They bridge those gaps through fantasy and irrational explanations. Thinking in terms of a whole story helps children unfold the plot and assimilate to behavior patterns. 90003 90002 90068 Does this mean that we can not add elements from beyond their scope of thinking? 90069 I can not give a balanced opinion to this rather controversial question.90003 90071 Image source: jollymom.com 90036 5. Kids act emotionally, not rationally 90037 90002 They get overexcited or simply reject things, and express opinions honestly until age three or four. Kids do not regulate their emotional responses well, and they even have problems naming and recognizing their inner states of mind. 90003 90002 From age five and on, they understand causality pretty well and can name reasons behind things. 90003 90002 Remember that the current experience affects the child much more, and we need to approach UX issues even more responsibly.90003 90036 6. Kids need more encouragement 90037 90002 We have to encourage them to try again if something does not work. Let them learn and do not expect them to achieve something not age-appropriate. If it exceeds their abilities, they will leave it immediately. When I design for kids, I find using the growth mindset for building feedback a great starting point. 90003 90036 7. Kids learn faster 90037 90002 When working with kids, keep in mind that they have greater brain plasticity than adults.They learn and develop quicker, although huge individual differences can arise. Also, they require new challenges sooner. A two-year-old finds it harder to sit still while listening to a long story. But not as hard as a sales representative finds it to sit for a two-hour training session. 90003 90022 How age groups differ from each other 90023 90002 To make a product resonate with kids, first empathize with them. They perceive and comprehend the world differently. To create a successful product for them, understand the main principles and characteristics of that particular age group.90003 90036 Newborns (0-4 months) 90037 90002 Babies spend their first three months mostly 90045 synchronizing, coordinating and connecting 90046 with their caregiver. 90003 90002 Their hearing and tasting have completely developed by birth but their 90045 vision 90046 needs almost one year to reach a more adult-like level. Also, not only the sharpness of their vision but how they fixate and examine object changes over the first few months. 90003 90002 To arouse their interest, take care with 90045 intense sensations 90046 because until about their sixth month, they react more to sudden noises and lights.This, the Moro reflex guarantees a frightened crying baby. 90003 90002 Babies 90045 prefer faces 90046 compared to random colors or objects. They can already learn and reflect at some level to adults ‘facial gestures like smiles and knit brows. They show a lot of primer reflexes and enjoy repeating enjoyable actions themselves. 90003 90002 90111 90112 Physical and digital products for newborn babies mostly 90045 target their parents first 90046 who are going through an amazing, bewildering, challenging, infuriating, exhausting, amusing and fulfilling period of their life.Which comes full of worries. 90003 90002 Parents remain an important part of creating products for kids in the long run too, especially because small kids depend on the adults around them. 90003 90002 Aside from these universal emotions, consider the 90045 cultural differences 90046 amongst households with babies. For instance, American parents more typically let their babies sleep in a different room than Italians who have babies more often sleep with their parents in the same bed or room.90003 90122 Billyreano made by Google 90036 4-12 months 90037 90002 At this age, babies 90045 start interacting with surroundings 90046. They slowly realize they can affect the world around them by grabbing, moving, pulling and pushing things. Children this age show the first rudimentary form of problem-solving. They begin to set up goals and try to achieve them through harmonized actions. 90003 90129 Montessori toy recommendation for toddlers four to ten months old 90002 It also takes almost a year for babies to understand that something that disappears from view still exists.Until then, it means «90045 out of sight, out of mind 90046». 90003 90036 1-2 years 90037 90002 Toddlers start talking. They also start experimenting. They learn through 90045 trial and error 90046, so they eagerly try new things methodically. In fact, experimentation teaches children more efficiently than any other type of learning method. 90003 90002 At this age, we can design toys and games for them that require 90045 thinking about solutions 90046. 90003 90002 90145 90003 90002 90045 Gross and fine motor skills 90046 are developing but picking up small object or execute precise movements still poses challenges to them.Interfaces still have to provide a bigger tapping area as well as large shapes and pictures. Or, they can support their fine motor skill development. 90003 90002 Even up to ages six to eight, children have a relatively 90045 limited amount of patience 90046. They require instant visuals and feedback. 90003 90002 Small kids often feel more comfortable 90045 interacting with adults 90046, not only because of their development needs but adults act more consistently than younger kids. 90003 90002 Kids love 90045 repetition and consistency 90046.They learn the rules of the physical world (gravity, speed, acceleration etc) from two to four. Maybe your kid repeatedly throws things down and wonders if the result remains the same. They do that most importantly to learn so they can memorize this rule. 90003 90002 90164 90003 90002 As they start enjoying 90045 bedtime stories 90046, talk with them about their everyday life. They can not follow long and complicated plots. We recommend these books as inspiration for «storytelling», for this age.90003 90002 Kids this age typically 90045 trust much more than adults 90046. Around seven to eleven months, they start to become suspicious and to keep their distance from new people. This period disappears or fluctuates over time. It varies greatly between individuals, but kids think naively in many ways as they have no learned patterns to not trust blindly. 90003 90174 A few books ideal for kids in this age group 90036 3-5 years 90037 90002 After surviving the terrible twos, you will begin experiencing the 90045 most adorable age 90046 in small kids, a time for their imagination to run wild.90003 90002 Around year three, they try to become 90045 good boys and girls 90046 and figure out what you want to hear. 90003 90002 90045 Pretend play 90046 characterizes the preschool years. Three-to-five-year-olds can become anyone or anything they want. 90003 90002 At three to four years, they can speak clearly with a vocabulary of 250-500 words. 90045 They love stories. 90046 90003 90002 90194 90003 90002 They excel in using 90045 devices 90046 like laptops, iPads or mom’s phone, they know how to scroll, swipe and navigate — providing parents with some not-so-pleasant moments.90003 90002 They need 90045 large pictures, instant visual and audio feedback 90046. Understand the total lack of user patience. Keep in mind the possibility of multiple clicks at the same time and the inability to distinguish different types of content, e.g. the ad banner from the part of the game. 90003 90002 Any 90045 navigation hierarchy 90046 proves almost impossible because children can focus on only one object at a time. 90003 90002 90045 Consistency 90046 on your app holds the key.If something happens a certain way, children expect it to do so again when they perform the action the next time. If it stops, they feel betrayed and lose confidence. 90003 90002 90213 90003 90002 When targeting smaller children, add features like 90045 parental controls 90046 or child locks. In-app purchasing requires a hidden or protected payment options. 90003 90002 They also look forward to a 90045 bit of a challenge 90046. Think about it. An adult using a banking or email app just wants to accomplish the task as quickly and easily as possible.A child playing a game enjoys challenges and conflicts along the way because it makes the accomplishment more significant in the end. 90003 90036 What are micro-conflicts? 90037 90002 A popular iPad app by the makers at Toca Boca, Toca House challenges children to vacuum a dirty rug. Of course, a single swipe does not clean the rug because that does not pose enough difficulty. 90003 90002 90045 Micro-conflicts 90046 — like vacuuming a dirty rug — help children resolve their own inner conflicts.90003 90002 A LEGO study on conflict play which states that micro-conflicts help kids develop skills like: 90003 90233 90234 Predicting how others will likely react to their behavior 90235 90234 Controlling their own emotions 90235 90234 Communicating clearly 90235 90234 Seeing other people’s points of view 90235 90234 Creatively resolving disagreements 90235 90244 90036 6-8 years 90037 90002 Although, at this age, children typically know how to 90045 read 90046, do not rely on copy.They can but they do not like to. They ignore written instructions and will read explanations only if nothing else helps. Try to limit writing and avoid content heavy interfaces. 90003 90002 They still have a very 90045 limited vocabulary. 90046 Plain, simple language will do. Avoid not only complicated words but unfamiliar foreign ones and slang as well. Use those a child would. 90003 90002 90256 90003 90002 When designing feedback loops in apps for kids, this becomes more elementary.Adults expect feedback when they interact with an interface. For example, tapping on the Facebook like button fills in its icon. This feedback loop alerts them that an action has taken place. 90003 90002 Kids want 90045 feedback 90046 whenever they do something. They tend to act first to see the consequences themselves. For this reason, most apps for kids generate some type of response for every action. 90003 90002 If you can not or do not want to avoid text, consider wording it like an adult would: 90045 «Do you need help?» 90046 Adults help kids through a unique interaction manner from a very early age, a phenomenon called the development zone.90003 90002 This zone forms a gap between what the child already can do by themselves and what they can achieve by interacting with a more competent individual, ie an adult. 90003 90002 90045 Adults 90046 create the illusion of independence while supporting their children the right way in order to benefit their skillset growth. So, when you design for kids, a perfect task and source of help might simulate this interaction 90003 90002 90275 90003 90036 9-12 years 90037 90002 Many other articles call kids at this age 90045 touchscreen veterans 90046.They know how to do a lot of stuff very well. Some can already code. To develop early coding skills, buy Arduino or a Lego robot, fun ways to learn the basic logic of coding. 90003 90002 90045 Friendship 90046 becomes the center of their world. They intensively acquire social roles and expectations. They seek confidence in their problem-solving competency and ability. 90003 90002 When creating applications and UX, kids require special attention to 90045 personal data law. 90046 90003 90002 90292 90003 90036 What to keep in mind when you design for kids? 90037 90002 If you want to design a website for kids, or are developing an app for them, here are a few key points to remember: 90003 90233 90234 Instant feedback after every action confirms their effect.90235 90234 Do not expect patience from them. 90235 90234 Do not rely on copy if possible. 90235 90234 Small kids take everything literally. 90235 90234 Trust does not only mean giving consistent feedback but also that their parents can rely on our product for their kids ‘safety. 90235 90234 Use age groups, challenge them age-appropriately. 90235 90234 Design for kids is still paid for by parents — always take them into consideration, too. 90235 90244 90022 This article ends here — but do not go yet! 90023 90002 I hope that you found this article useful.If you have anything to add, please leave a comment below! To read more on the subject, we suggest you take a look at NNG’s new piece on the topic. 90003 90002 Want to learn more about our UX design process? Download our brand new, free e-book now. 90003 90002 For additional reading, check out our Product Design book by our CEO, David Pasztor. We ship worldwide! 90003 90002 Are you a designer working on your UX portfolio? We have good news for you. We built uxfol.io, a portfolio design tool that helps you tell the whole story behind your design.It’s awesome, check it out! 90003 .90000 9 High-Tech Toys Gadgets Designed For Kids 90001 90002 There are many parents who are worried about their children spending too much time online, or on smartphones and tablets. However, learning programming may become of one of the many 90003 essential skills your child would need 90004 in his or her future life. 90005 90002 Rather than take technology out of their lives, there are 90003 smart gadgets out there that can help kids develop programming skills 90004 while providing them with a safe environment to explore, play and grow.90005 90002 We have here 90003 9 gadgets that provide a new form of interaction for the younger generation 90004. Some of them are created to help your child pick up a new programming language, others, essential problem-solving skills. These smart toys are very different from the toys today’s adults grew up in but if you are a parent who want to 90003 give your child a headstart in technology 90004, these may be the gadgets that can help. 90005 Top 5 Mobile Apps to Keep Your Kids Safe 90016 Top 5 Mobile Apps to Keep Your Kids Safe 90017 90002 In today’s highly digitalized world, everyone seems to be carrying a smartphone, and that includes kids as well…. Read more 90005 90016 1. Ubooly 90017 90002 Kids can learn a lot about responsibility and develop their self esteem by taking care of pets. However, some children (and adults) may be allergic to hair or dander from dogs or cats. An alternative is a robotic pet that is 90003 twice as attentive and not as allergy-causing 90004. 90005 90002 Ubooly is a great example. It can tell jokes and bedtime stories, even play games and even trade conversations with your child. Ubooly can also be personalized via the app for updates on 90003 games, stories, adventures and exercises 90004.90005 90002 90003 Price: $ 14.99 90004 90005 90016 2. Sphero 90017 90002 Sphero is a ball that can be controlled by your phone. Nothing special there, except that when it is paired with augmented reality, you can 90003 virtually replace the ball with any other character 90004, say an imaginary cartoon-like pet, then send commands to it. Essentially this is an attempt to control a sophisticated robotic toy with just your mobile device. 90005 90002 The setup is more than just for play. It can be used to teach kids math and programming in a manner that is way, way more fun than what you can find in the classroom.The ball can move up to 7 ft per second and can be controlled by touch or by tilting the paired mobile device. 90005 90002 90003 Price: Starts at $ 49.99 90004 90005 90016 3. MiP 90017 90002 MiP here is more of a made-for-fun toy rather than a learning toy, but oh boy, what a toy. It’s a balancing robot that you can control from your phone. You can 90003 control it manually and in real-time 90004 from your iOS or Android phone, or draw paths for it to move on, get it 90003 sparring or racing or dancing with a fellow MiP robot 90004.90005 90002 Since MiP can carry his own weight, you can try stacking up stuff onto his tray in an upright position. Every kid would love to have their own robot and with MiP its a great start. It is available in black and white. 90005 90002 90003 Price: $ 75.39 90004 90005 90016 4. Primo 90017 90002 Primo is a toy to help your child to learn programming, even before they learn how to read. It is made up of three main elements: a robot called Cubetto, an interface for input of instructions, and 90003 instruction blocks which delivers instructions of how the robot should move 90004.90005 90002 The child will then place the blocks in the right order, to 90003 deliver movement commands to Cubetto to traverse the obstacles 90004 in front of it. Even without understanding algorithms and queues, a child between the age of 4 and 7 will be able to 90003 get a headstart in programming logic 90004 with this simple setup. 90005 90002 90003 Price: $ 225.00 90004 90005 90016 5. Nabi DreamTab 90017 90002 Nabi 2 is a tablet made especially for kids. It comes with a food-grade silicone (that means it is safe to gnaw on) bumper that 90003 helps protect against drops and accidental bumps 90004, something that happens a lot when kids grab hold of gadgets.The device has a fast interface, larger-than-usual icons, parental control mode and is built for learning. 90005 90002 It comes with an 90003 integrated learning system known as Fooz Kids University 90004, developed to aid in learning academic fundamentals. On top of that, it is primed for reading, art, games and photo editing, and you can even 90003 take pictures and run video calls 90004 on the tablet too. 90005 90002 90003 Price: $ 179.99 90004 90005 90016 6. Samsung Galaxy Tab for Kids 90017 90002 While it may not be a good idea to give your child free rein of your mobile tablets and full 90003 untethered exposure to online content 90004, it’s hard to expect parents to spend their time watching over every thing their children tap on.With the Samsung Galaxy Tab Kids however, you will be giving your child a safe and conducive towards learning environment that he / she can flourish in. 90005 90002 It has plenty of restrictions and parental controls that will set the amount of time the device can be played with, the type of apps they have access to, a 90003 safer kid’s mode 90004 and password restrictions where necessary. The tablet even comes with 90003 front and rear cameras 90004 and 90003 expandable memory 90004. No more fighting over who gets the tablet next.90005 90002 90003 Price: $ 149.99 90004 90005 90016 7. Kano 90017 90002 Want your kid to learning programming without all the bells and whistles? Kano is a coding kit for both kids and adults and is 90003 powered by Raspberry Pi 90004, a computer the size of a regular credit card. Out of the box, Kano 90003 can be assembled 90004 (that’s where you come in) into a working computer, minus a monitor (you need to bring your own). Do not worry, it comes with a how-to guide. 90005 90002 Before your kid steps into the world of programming, it would help for him to understand the major components that make a computer run.This 90003 stripped down, lightweight representation of what makes a computer a computer 90004 is a great starting point. From there, Kano users can 90003 create games and learn to code on its open source software 90004. 90005 90002 90003 Price: Starts from $ 79.99 90004 90005 90016 8. Bo & Yana 90017 90002 Bo & Yana are a duo — Bo is the explorer while Yana is the storyteller. Together these clever robots help your child from the tender age of 5 to 90003 learn visual programming and develop basic problem-solving skills 90004.Younger users can teach the robot to play the xylophone, deliver packages, play hide-and-seek or tag, and go on treasure-hunting adventures. 90005 90002 The visual programming language used by the system, 90003 Scratch 90004 and 90003 Blockly 90004 was developed by MIT and Google. Older learners (12+) are 90003 encouraged to use their API to build iOS and Android applications 90004, and to share their innovations with others online. 90005 90002 90003 Price: Starts from $ 149.99 90004 90005 90016 9.Amplify 90017 90002 Amplify is a 90003 comprehensive learning system 90004 that helps alleviate the administrative burden of teachers while giving the teachers a full-view of how their students are faring in class. Educators can 90003 prepare customized lessons, 90004 see what their students are doing on their tablet, block apps on their student’s Amplify tablet, 90003 test students in real-time 90004 (quick polls) and provide supplementary exercises for weaker students. 90005 90002 Students can get reminders about quizzes and homework, and 90003 deliver assignments in multimedia form 90004.With online resources at their fingertips, students can breeze through their assignments quickly, 90003 focusing on data-sourcing skills 90004, rather than memorizing facts for exams. 90005 .90000 Positive Effects & Benefits of Technology for Children 90001 90002 When talking about the benefits of technology for children, does being a summer tech camp make us biased? 90003 90002 Well, I would not say biased. If anything, it makes us informed. 90003 90002 So, let’s clear the air. 90003 90002 Are there cons to exposing kids to technology? Of course. Like all things, there has to be a good and a bad. But remember this-the bad usually stems from abuse and extremes.Eating pizza is good. Eating a whole pizza is bad. Sleeping. Also good. Sleeping all day? Typically bad. 90003 90002 Sure, you can make the argument that such abuse would not even be an option if the thing being abused was never introduced in the first place. 90003 90002 But if that is indeed how you’re thinking about kids and technology, I ask you, how do you avoid it? Do you go the other extreme and keep kids from technology altogether? How could you manage? 90003 90002 Even if you were successful in maintaining such separation, doing so would be to strip kids of fun and entertainment, and more importantly, personal growth, skill-building, and the chance to land a lucrative job down the road.90003 90002 So, then, we land in the middle; balancing technology and life-ensuring kids soak up all that is considered good, and shielding them from what could easily turn bad with excessive use. For instance, there are hobbies to replace video game playing that still revolve around video games (which helps with engagement), but get kids to progress from only consuming them. 90003 90002 Anyway, let’s look at the good that technology offers. 90003 90020 90021 Benefits of Technology for Kids 90022 90023 90024 1.Technology allows for creativity & freedom of expression 90025 90002 90003 90002 Kids have big imaginations; too big to be contained. Where in the past they only had art supplies like crayons and colored markers at their disposal to get those ideas out and into a conveyable form, they now have computers, tablets, and so much more to help them turn such thoughts into reality. 90003 90002 Sure, they still have pens and paper, but now, instead of — or in addition to — drawing a picture, they can create a 3D animation, and then even send that animation to a 3D printer to allow it to take on a physical form.Who knows … their creation could be the prototype to a million dollar business. 90003 90002 The skills learned from interacting with technology each have an attached creative form of expression. Coding is a skill, but programming a video game or mobile app is the expression. 90003 90024 2. Technology aids in socialization and relationship building 90025 90002 90003 90002 It’s not a scare tactic by any means, but the chances of your child finding other kids to interact and bond with over technology greatly outweigh the odds of them finding other kids who do not use or like technology.90003 90002 Video games, social media, mobile apps-these are all hobbies and interests just like sports, reading, and more. The opportunity for socialization with tech, then, is twofold. 90003 90002 For one, kids can share in such interests with other kids as consumers — just like they would over baseball cards or TV shows — and two, they can also connect within the technologies, over live chat during video game sessions, or on Facebook, and elsewhere. 90003 90002 And even beyond that, if they want to take interests to the next level and design their own video games or learn to code in a camp or class setting, that’s another opportunity to forge solid relationships, as they’ll be collaborating and learning with like-minded peers.90003 90002 You never know where early childhood STEM exposure and the resulting relationships will lead your child. With each project, they’re essentially «networking» and gaining new tech allies as they make their way through school, and then on to internships and careers. It could all stem from a friend they met at cybersecurity camp or 90047 Fortnite 90048 camp. 90003 90024 3. Technology allows for independence and empowerment 90025 90002 90003 90002 Going back to the first point on freedom of expression, think about the journey from idea to conceptualization.First, you think of something cool, unique, fun, etc. Then, you lay the groundwork and research that thing or idea a bit more. And finally, you do it, or start to actually put wheels in motion to bring the idea to reality. 90003 90002 With technology, kids can carry out that process on their own! Without technology, who knows how far they would get? 90003 90002 It’s not only the act of creating and doing — which is cool enough — but that feeling of independence and empowerment. It can be incredibly powerful; beyond what words can convey.90003 90002 Tech executive and bestselling author Sheryl Sandberg said this: «What would you do if you were not afraid?» Even as adults, there are things we often avoid because we have not had experience with them, and thus, we are afraid to fail. If kids can jump in and do things with technology now, they’ll be in better position to keep pushing and achieving as they grow older. 90003 90024 4. Technology improves problem solving and perseverance 90025 90002 90003 90002 Have you ever heard the term «survival mode?» It is a gameplay experience found in a number of different types of video games, where the player is tasked with staying alive as long as possible to outlast opponents.90003 90002 In the popular game, 90047 Minecraft 90048, «survival mode» is one way players can sharpen problem solving skills. Specifically, they are dropped into new and different environments, and must immediately build shelter, and collect items like weapons and food in order to survive. As if there needed to be more of a kicker, a «90047 Minecraft 90048 day» lasts 10 real-world minutes, forcing players to move fast while making good decisions in order to stay alive. 90003 90002 While honing in on the benefits of 90047 Minecraft 90048 might seem like an obscure example, that’s the point.If I can pull out a way that one single video game can improve problem solving and perseverance, think about all of the other opportunities floating around out there. 90003 90002 Really, all of these points about how technology benefits children are interconnected: 90003 90002 With technology comes freedom of expression, and with such freedom comes the chance for kids to independently set out and achieve something, largely on their own. In doing so, they face roadblocks and challenges that must be cleared if they’re to reach their goals, so they learn how to deal with such hurdles.90003 90002 Whether that hurdle is trying to build shelter in the 90047 Minecraft 90048 world or debugging a line of code, it all helps establish a strong sense of perseverance. In turn, they’ll be encouraged to come up with their own solutions when problems are faced in technology, or outside of it-in the form of a homework issue, disagreement with a friend, or other personal hardship. 90003 90024 5. Technology helps instill an entrepreneurial spirit 90025 90002 90003 90002 Let’s recap up to this point: creative expression, relationship building (networking), empowerment, and perseverance.90003 90002 Sounds like the making of a budding entrepreneur to me. 90003 90002 Since 1999 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ, we’ve seen 350,000 kids pass through our summer tech programs. Many go on to secure internships and launch dream careers with big-name companies, while others found nonprofits or start their own organizations. 90003 90002 We’ve seen how summer camp can change lives, but when thinking about the benefits of tech for kids, I always think of Ian Cinnamon, an iD Tech camper turned author, entrepreneur, and then some.90003 90002 «I was first seriously exposed to programming at iD Tech Camps, and from there I was motivated to learn more about C ++, Java, and programming in general,» Ian says. 90003 90002 He went on to write 90047 Programming Video Games for the Evil Genius 90048 at 15 years old, became an app programmer / developer with several apps to his name at 16, went on to work for Zynga and Apple, and even founded his own nonprofit . He recently penned 90047 DIY Drones for the Evil Genius: Design, Build, and Customize Your Own Drones 90048, and built a drone in minutes at the Under 30 Summit while on stage with HP CTO, Shane Wall.90003 90002 Is Ian’s story amazing? Of course. What makes it special is the fact such achievements are not typical of most of us. But the point remains. It started with tech, and it started young. It started with being exposed to programming, which led to motivation, and the rest was history. 90003 90002 The great thing is that technology touches everything, which means there are entrepreneurial prospects to be found in most things tech as well. Sure there are positive and negative effects of YouTube, but the potential to earn is real, even with something as simple as reviewing toys.90003 90024 6. Technology enhances learning 90025 90002 90003 90002 While skills like the aforementioned creativity and independence can easily make one a better learner, this is an example of a more direct application of how technology can enhance the learning experience. 90003 90002 It’s also a very easy point to grasp. 90003 90002 What items do you typically associate with the terms learning? Years ago, it was primarily books, schools, and libraries. Then, the computer introduced a new way to learn.While that use of technology really opened the learning floodgates, consider now what virtual and augmented realities could accomplish. 90003 90002 Instead of reading about how the pyramids were built, kids could step into a virtual reality and experience what it like to be present when the structures were erected. They could stand below and observe the massive stones being dragged into place, leaving them with vivid memories instead of words on pages. 90003 90002 The opportunities are endless! Anything that was once written about and illustrated in books for our eyes to read can now or soon be constructed in alternate reality, for us to see, touch, interact with, and experience on a much deeper level.90003 90002 And if you want to talk about secondary benefits, time management for kids — most of them — is difficult. Giving them time with, and without, tech can help them learn how to manage and maximize efficiency. 90003 90024 7. Technology jobs are (and will be) in high demand 90025 90002 90003 90002 As stated way back in the first few paragraphs, one of the greatest benefits of exposing kids to technology is the fact that they’ll be well-prepared to jump into a pool of available, high-paying tech jobs.90003 90002 I mean, you can not go a day without seeing news on the positive outlooks of such occupations. Just these past couple of weeks: 90003 90002 The cool thing is, we are not just talking about Silicon Valley, and we are not just talking coding. Just from the headlines alone: ββBoston, Birmingham, Chicago, and then when you dive into the articles themselves, Atlanta, Austin, Dallas-and from tech powerhouses like Amazon to others you would not typically associate with tech like Home Depot.90003 90002 Tech jobs are here today. Tech jobs will be here tomorrow. Some of today’s tech will be tomorrow’s tech, and some of tomorrow’s tech will be completely brand new and something our world has never seen before. Who is going to be best equipped to fill those positions? The ones who start learning now. 90003 90024 Final Word 90025 90002 Nearly 2,000 words into this blog post, and we have not even mentioned the more traditional tech benefits you’d normally read about, like how video games can be good for you because they enhance hand-eye coordination or because they improve critical thinking and reaction time.90003 90002 Meaning, there is so much more out there to consider when it comes to how technology could be benefitting your kids. I will not resort to clichΓ©s and call it the tip of the iceberg, but all of this amounts to a speck of desert sand, or a single drop of ocean water. 90003 90002 So, want to get your kids involved? View our innovative online coding courses for kids. 90003 GET STARTED WITH ONLINE LEARNING .90000 60+ STEM Resources for Teaching Children with Technology! 90001 90002 90003 90004 90002 «Yes, kids love technology, but they also love Legos, scented markers, handstands, books, and mud puddles. It’s all about balance. » 90003 90007 K.G., 1st Grade Teacher 90008 90009 90002 One of the best things about teaching very young learners is that they are super excited to learn! They also love technology, but we must ensure that children learn early on balance and digital safety. When a child begins to use technology, especially technology connected to the Internet, they must also learn how to protect themselves and learn wellness.For the past 20 years, I have used technology to teach children all over the world! Currently, I am the Computer and Technology Teacher for over 450 elementary students at a STEM Charter School. I also have an energetic and enthusiastic 2 year-old daughter who loves technology, but enjoys playing and exploring more. Below I am sharing my tips and resources that I feel are especially enjoyable and safe for young learners (toddlers to 6th grade). For a quick view of my top tips download my slide presentation free, Teaching the «T» in STEM! Using Technology with Young Learners.All resources mentioned have a free version or trial for educators and many are registration and ad free so that students do not have to give their private information. Remember to ask parent permission and have a Digital Use Policy signed by parents and students when integrating technology. 90003 90012 90013 Buncee to create digital stories, digital posters, and more! COPPA Compliant! Students enter codes given by the teacher. Find over 20 activities and examples here. 90014 My Story Book is an easy to use web tool for students to create digital story books, no registration required and ad free.90015 90013 Make Beliefs Comix is ββa website and app to create comics, no registration required. 90014 TinyTap is a wonderful iOS app for even preschool children to create their own games and quizzes. You can click the website to play vocabulary games designed by others. 90015 90013 ZimmerTwins is a fun way to animate a movie, no registration required. 90015 90013 ABCYA animator to create a movie or gif, no registration required. 90015 90013 Sketch.io is to create a digital poster with gifs and paint tools, no registration required.90015 90013 Voki is a website for creating talking avatars. The free version only provides limited options. 90015 90013 Bubbl.us is a website for creating colorful concept maps, no registration required. 90015 90013 Class Dojo and Seesaw are my favorite web tools and apps for communicating with parents and creating student digital portfolios. 90015 90013 Read, Write, Think has several interactives for children of various ages to learn to read and write. 90015 90013 Brain Pop has awesome videos, learning games, and other resources.90015 90013 National Geographic for Kids is a great website to research countries and animals. 90015 90013 Common Sense has a digital citizenship curriculum for K-2 and 3rd-5th with videos, printables, and engaging activities. 90015 90013 GSUITE Edu tools and apps offer children and teachers so many awesome ways to create, design, and learn! 90015 90013 Edublogs is a safe way for students to create blogs. 90015 90043 90012 90013 Find typing tips for children in this post I wrote for ESL Library which includes awesome websites, such as Typetastic, Keyboard Climber 1 and Keyboard Climber 2, Dance Mat Typing, Typing Town, and Mouse Practice.90015 90013 Teaching coding? 1st to 5th graders at my school enjoy Kodable, Tynker, and Lightbot. Upper elementary and older enjoy Code.org and Made With Code. Find more coding apps and web tools for any age group here! 90015 90013 3D printing with elementary students? TinkerCad has 5 minute super easy tutorials and designs children can easily edit to design rings, figurines, name tags, and more! 90015 90013 The Draw and Tell iOS app is a wonderful design and blueprint tool. Children draw on different paper, including graph paper and add stickers.Students also get to record themselves. Discover more ideas in the Teach Outside the Box blog. 90015 90013 Conduct safe web searches with Duckster, Kiddle, Fact Monster, and KidzSearch. 90015 90013 Art For Kids Hub is a website where students learn art and how to draw from listening to instructions from a video. My students love the videos. I love that the artist reinforces literacy and math. His instructions include steps like draw an oval or a backwards letter U. 90015 90013 Quiver Vision combines coloring and augmented reality.I use this for children to see vocabulary come to life. 90015 90043 90060 Literacy Websites 90061 90060 Slide Presentations 90061 90060 Other Posts and Resources 90061 90002 90067 Challenge: 90068 Try any of these resources to engage your young learners with technology! 90003 90002 90071 cross posted at 90072 90071 teacherrebootcamp.com 90072 90003 90002 90071 Shelly Terrell is a Technology and Computer teacher, education consultant, and author of books including Hacking Digital Learning Strategies: 10 Ways to Launch EdTech Missions in Your Classroom.Read more at 90072 90071 teacherrebootcamp.com 90072 90071. 90072 90003 .